Chapter 2: Translation

In the name of Allah, the God of Mercy and the Endower of Mercy!

Alif, Lam, Meem (Arabic initials). This book, without any doubt in it (its origin and content), is a guide for those who are mindful of their responsibilities, who (1) believe in the hidden aspects of the universe, (2) establish the worship of God, (3) spend in the service of human beings from what God has provided them (e.g., earnings, intellects, good health, etc.), (4) accept what has been revealed to them (by Prophet Mohammad) and what was revealed before them (such as from the Bible, Torah, etc.), and (5) have confirmed faith in the Afterlife. These people are following the right guidance from their Sustainer (God), and they are entitled to be successful.

Those who persistently deny the truth (disbelievers)—it is the same whether one (i.e., Prophet Mohammad) warns them or not—they are unlikely to believe. (It is as if) God has sealed off their hearts and their hearing and placed a covering over their eyes, and this is a serious punishment for them.

There are people who say, “We believe in God and the Day of Judgment,” but this is a false claim. They attempt to deceive God and those who have faith, but in reality, they deceive none but themselves, and they are unable to perceive. They have a disease (of disbelief) in their hearts, and God has increased the intensity of that disease as a form of severe punishment since they make false claims.

When they are advised not to make mischief on Earth, they say, “We are peacemakers!” Now, in reality they are the mischief-makers, but they seem not to perceive themselves as such. When they are advised to believe as other people believe, they say, “Shall we believe in the manner of the fools?” Now, they are the real fools,but they do not seem to understand it as such. When they meet people of faith, they say, “We believe like you,” but when they are alone with their evil companions, they say, “We are with you; we were just mocking (the others).” God will pay them back for their mockery by letting them continue to wander in their blind rebellion. These people buy error instead of guidance, and their bargain brings them neither profit nor guidance.

Their situation (described in previous verses) is like this parable: One lights up a fire and it lights up everything around them, but then God takes away that light (due to their lack of appreciation) and leaves them in the darkness unable to see; they become deaf, dumb, and blind, unable to return (to the proper state of their existence).

Or (think of) this analogy: Clouds are blessed with abundant rain, but they also contain darkness, thunder, and lightning. They put their fingers into their ears for fear of thunder, for fear of death, and God surrounds all those who disbelieve. The lightening almost takes away their sight—when its light shines on them, they walk a little, and when it becomes dark, they stand still, afraid to move. If God intends, He would take away their hearing and sight from them. He can overpower all things.

O Mankind, serve your Sustainer (God) who created you and those before you, so that you can achieve God consciousness (and become responsible). (It is God) who has made the earth a place for rest (and sustenance) for you and established Heaven as a protective canopy (e.g., layers of air and the ozone layer). (It is God) who sends down rain from the clouds that helps bring out fruits (and vegetation) for your food and provision. Therefore, be appreciative by not creating rivals to God when you have knowledge (as described above). If you doubt as to the gradual revelation (of this Qur’an) to our servant (Mohammad), then take this challenge: Produce a chapter like this one and take advantage of all help you can gather, except the help of God, if you are really serious and truthful. Now if you do not follow through with this challenge, and you will never be able to produce one like this, then you ought to be prepared for the consequences, i.e., facing the Fire (conflicts in this world and Hell in the Afterlife) which is fueled by (ungrateful) human beings and stones (their objects of worship), a consequence for those who persistently deny God’s blessings.

(In contrast), give cheerful news to those who believe and do good work—for them are (reserved) gardens (instead of Fire) in which rivers flow. There they will be given fruits (or rewards) when they say, “This is something that was given to us before.” They will be given more, and they will have the comfort of their spouses who will be pure, and they (together) will reside there.

God is not ashamed of setting forth any example, be that of a gnat or anything less significant. (When such a parable is presented), those who have faith realize intuitively that it is a reflection of the truth from their Sustainer, and those who have no faith say, “What does God mean by this (apparently insignificant) example?” God guides many (to the right path) by these examples and leaves many others in deeper disbelief by the same examples. He only leaves in error those who exceed the limits (set by God), who disregard their bond with God after their commitment, who destroy the relationship that God has instructed them to maintain, and who create chaos and corruption on Earth. They are the ones without real guidance.

How can you deny God? You were without life, then He gave you life; after that He will bring your death; then He will bring you back to life so that you will return back to Him. He is the One who created everything on Earth for your benefit and subsequently directed Himself to the heavens to complete the seven Heavens. He knows the affairs of everything.

(Remember) when your Sustainer (God) said to the angels, “I am going to establish a representative on Earth,” they said, “Why would You place such beings who will bring chaos and corruption on it and shed blood among themselves, whereas we celebrate Your praise and exalt Your divinity?” God replied, “I am aware of things that you have no knowledge of.”

Then God taught Adam the names (knowledge) of all things and inquired of them from the angels. He said, “Tell Me the names of these if you are truthful (and knowledgeable).” The angels replied, “All glory is to You! We have no knowledge beyond what You have taught us. Truly, You are the One Who Knows (all) and Who is (truly) Wise.” God then turned to Adam and said, “Adam, inform them of the names,” and he did so. Then God said to the angels, “Did I not tell you that I know the secrets of the heavens and the earth? I know equally well what you hide and what you expose.” And when God said to the angels, “Prostrate yourselves before Adam,” they all did except for Iblis, who refused because he was proud, lacking faith.

God said to Adam, “Adam, live in this garden by yourself and with your wife, eat from its abundant fruits as you wish, and stay away from this tree; otherwise, you may become one of those who are prone to doing wrong.” But the Devil made them (both) forget the instruction from God and caused them to lose their status (in Heaven). God said, “Go out of this as adversaries of one another. On Earth you will have places to live and provisions assigned and allocated for a fixed time.” Then Adam received word (of forgiveness and guidance) from his Sustainer, and He (God) turned to him mercifully, for God is ever Forgiving and Merciful. God said, “Leave this place (state) (to dwell on Earth). From Me you will receive guidance in time, and if you follow My guidance, there will be no reason to fear or to grieve. But whoever refuses and rejects Our guidance, they will become inhabitants of the Fire, where they will suffer (the consequences of their actions).”

Children of Israel, remember My (God’s) favors to you and be faithful to your promises to Me so that I can fulfill My promise to you. You should stand in awe of Me alone (other than your Rabbis or so-called leaders)! Also, believe in what I have revealed (to Mohammad), which confirms what is already with you. Do not be the first one to deny this (new revelation), and do not barter away My message for a small gain. Also, mind your responsibility to Me. Do not mix up truth with falsehood, and do not hide the truth since you have the knowledge. Maintain your prayers, support the needy, and submit (join) with those who submit (to God). How is it that you lecture people to be good while you neglect your own soul and also read the Book (your Torah and this Qur’an)? Have you then lost your senses?

Seek help with patience and prayer, and this is difficult to do except for those who are humble and know with certainty that they will meet with their Sustainer and return to Him eventually.

Children of Israel, remember God’s favors that He had blessed you with, including the favor where He had made you excel among the nations. (If you take that for granted, then) you should protect yourself against the day (Day of Judgment) when no soul can assist another soul in the least, when no intervention will be allowed, when no compensation will be accepted, and when no one will be helped (i.e., every person is on his own!).

Remember when God saved you from the Pharaoh who severely tormented you, killing your sons and sparing your women. This was a serious trial from God. Remember further when God parted the sea so as to save you while drowning the people of the Pharaoh as you looked on. And then God called to Moses (to instruct) for forty nights, and you took to a calf (as an object of worship) while he was away—you were unjust (and ungrateful)! Even after that God forgave so that you could be thankful. Then God gave Moses the Book (Torah) along with criteria to be guided by. (On his return) Moses said to his people, “My people, you have made a serious error in judgment in making the calf an object of worship. Therefore, turn to your Sustainer in repentance and correct yourself. This is the best for you with your Creator.” God forgave them, since He is ever Forgiving and Merciful.

When the people (Jewish tribes) said to Moses, “Moses, we will not believe you until we see God face-to-face,” this unreasonable stance brought distress (in the form of natural disasters, such as an earthquake, storm, etc., [see Exod. 19:16–17]) to overtake them while they looked on. Then God raised you from your unconsciousness so that you might be thankful. And God made the clouds to give you shade and sent manna (divinely provided food) and quail. Eat of the good things God has given you. (But those who continued to disobey), they did not harm God, but they did harm themselves.

And when God said, “Enter the city, then eat its abundant (food) as you wish, and enter the gate submissively (to God, without causing atrocities) and ask for forgiveness (for prior sins). God will forgive your wrongful acts and increase your rewards for doing good,” those who were unjust changed the word (of God), which was spoken to them and turned into another word (with a different and opposite meaning); so, God sent a plague (punishment) from Heaven because they caused mischief.

And when Moses prayed for water for his people, God said, “March forth and strike the rock with your stick,” and then 12 springs flowed from it. Each tribe knew their drinking place. (Therefore), eat and drink of the provisions of God, and do not act corruptly on Earth, making mischief. And when people said, “Moses, we cannot endure one type of food. Please pray to your God on our behalf to bring us earthy food—its herbs, cucumbers, garlic, lentils, and onions,” he (Moses) said, “Would you exchange what is good with what is worse? (If you so desire), enter a city (e.g., go back to Egypt) and you will find what you ask for.”

Abasement and humiliation descended on them, and they incurred displeasure from God. Why? Because they disbelieved in the message from God and would kill prophets without justification. This is how they rebelled (against God) and persisted in crossing the boundaries.

Surely, those who believe (meaning Muslims), and those who are Jews, and the Christians and the Sabians, whoever believes in God and the Last Day (Day of Judgment) and does good work, they have their reward from their Lord; there is no fear for them, and they will have no regret.

And when God made a covenant with you (followers of Moses) with Mount Sinai rising high above you and said, “Hold firmly to what has been given to you and (try to) understand what is in it so that you may discharge your responsibilities,” even after that you had turned back. You would have become lost except for the Grace of God and His abundant Mercy.

And surely you know those who violated the Sabbath, so God said to them, “Be as apes, despised and hated.” We made them an example for those who witnessed it and for those who came after it in later generations and a reminder for those who aspire to be God-conscious and responsible.

And when Moses said to his people, “God commands you to sacrifice a cow,” they replied, “Are you making fun of us?” He (Moses) replied, “I seek God’s protection from acting like an ignorant person.” They said, “Ask your Lord for our sake to make it clear to us what she (the cow) is like.” He (Moses) said, “She is of middle age, neither old nor too young. Therefore, do what you are asked (without delay, since you know now).” Instead, they said, “Call on your Lord for our sake of what color she is.” He (Moses) answered, “Her color is intensely yellow, delightful to the eye.” They (persisted to) inquire further: “Ask your Lord on our behalf for her condition, since all cows look alike to us, and if God wants, we shall be rightly guided this time.” Moses replied, “She is a cow without blemish, of good health, and was never made to plough or carry water.” They said, “Now you have given us the truth.” Then they slaughtered the cow, though reluctantly.

And (remember) when you (someone from the tribes of Jews) killed a man and then you disagreed about it (trying to put blame on others), but God wanted to expose what you wanted to hide. So, God said, “Apply the (agreed upon) principle and method for solving a murder.” (This is an example of how) God brings out truth (life) from falsehood (death), and (thus) He shows His signs so that you may use your reasons.

Then your (some of the followers of Moses) heart hardened so that you became like a rock; rather, harder than a rock. Yet, there are rocks which burst with streams, rocks that split so water flows from them, and then there are rocks that fall down in submission to God. And God is not indifferent to what you do. Do you (Mohammad) then hope that they will believe in you whereas a party of them used to hear the word of God and then alter it after they understood what it meant? They did this knowingly!

These people (Jews of Medina), when they meet people of faith (new Muslims), say, “We also believe,” and when they come together among themselves, they say (to one another), “Do you tell them what God had disclosed to you (in the Torah) so that they may win an argument with you before your Sustainer? Don’t you think logically?” (Here is God’s response): “Do they not understand that God knows what they hide and what they reveal?” (The reality is that) some of them are illiterate and do not know the Book (of revelation) but from hearsay, which is nothing but speculation.

Woe to those who write the book in their own hands and then say, “This is from God,” so as to earn a price from it. Cursed are what they write with their hands and what they earn (from it). They also say, “Fire will not touch us except for a few days.” Ask (them): “Have you received a promise from God that He will not fail to carry out? Or do you attribute to God a commitment that does not exist?” Those who do evil things and whose sins surround them from all sides, they will inhabit the Hellfire. (In contrast), those who believe and do good work will be the residents of the Garden (Heaven), and there they will stay (in comfort with God’s grace).

When God accepted a solemn pledge from the children of Israel that you shall serve none but God, be good to your parents, to relatives, to orphans and the needy, (always) speak good words to people, maintain your prayers, and always give charity, you did not follow through, except for a few, and you were reluctant to keep (the commitment). Also (remember) when We took the pledge from you that you shall not shed blood nor turn your people out of your cities—you promised and witnessed this.

Yet, it is you who would kill your people and turn a party from among yourselves out of their homes, backing each other up against them unlawfully and going beyond limits. And if they were to come to you as captives, you would ransom them, whereas it was unlawful (in the first place) for you to push them out. (The question is), do you then believe in part of the Book and disregard the other? What could then be the reward for such among you who do these things except that you would be disgraced in this world and severely punished on the Day of Resurrection? (You should realize) that God is not indifferent to what you do. Such people bargain this life for the Hereafter; consequently, their misfortunes will not be reduced, nor will they have any help.

God gave Moses the revelation, and God sent messengers after him, one after another. God also sent Jesus, son of Mary, with clear signs of truth and strengthened him with the divine inspiration. How is it that you (Jews and, by implication, Christians) became arrogant whenever God sent messengers whose messages did not agree with your desires? Some of them you denied, and others you would kill! They said, “Our hearts are full (not in need of further knowledge).” No, God curses them for their denial—there is very little that they believe.

They (Jews and Christians) used to pray for victory against the disbelievers, but whenever a Book was brought to them from God confirming that which they used to have and they recognized the Book, they disbelieved in it (knowingly); therefore, God’s curse is on the disbelievers (even if they have the Book). Evil is the way they direct their souls, and out of envy they deny what God has revealed, envious that God had sent (His message) to someone He had chosen out of His servants (other than one of them). Therefore, they incurred affliction after affliction, and there waits humiliating punishment for those who persist in their disbelief. When they are told, “Believe in what God has revealed,” they say, “We only believe in what was revealed to us.” They deny anything other than their own, even though it is the Truth that verifies what they have. Ask them then, “Why did you kill God’s prophets before this if you claim to be believers?”

Moses came to you (followers of Moses, People of Israel) with all the evidence of truth, but in his absence, you took the calf (as an object of worship), and you acted wickedly. (Remember) when God obtained a solemn pledge from you with Mount Sinai rising above you: “Take hold of what We (God and His Prophet) gave you with all your strength, and be committed.” Instead, you (followers of Moses) said, “We listen, but we will not follow.” In their (followers of Moses) hearts there still was (the love of) the calf because of their disbelief. Say (Prophet to the Jews of his time), “If you were believers, how can your faith command you to do (such) evil?”

Ask them (Prophet to ask Jews of his time): “If you claim that you will be God’s special guest in the Afterlife and other people will have no such privilege, then ask for death if you are truthful.” But they will never invoke (death) because they are afraid of what they have done before, and God has full knowledge of those who do evil (in spite of their claims to the contrary).

You will find them to cling to the life of this world more eagerly than of all other people, even more so than those who ascribe partnership to God. Some of them love to be granted a life of a thousand years, but even if he is granted such a long life it will in no way remove him further from accountability. And God is an observer of what they do.

Say (God asking the Prophet): “Who considers Gabriel to be an enemy because he conveyed it (the Qur’an, God’s revelation) in your heart (Prophet Mohammad) by God’s permission, a revelation which verifies (whatever truth remains in) other revelations before it and is guidance and a bearer of good news for the faithful? Whoever considers God, His angels, His Messengers, and the Angels Gabriel and Michael to be his enemies, then God is an enemy to those who persistently deny the truth.”

We (God) have revealed clear messages to you (Prophet Mohammad), and nobody disbelieves except those who transgress. How is it that whenever they (Arab disbelievers and Jews) make a pledge, a party of them disregards such commitment? (That is because) most of them lack faith.

And (now that) a Messenger has come from God validating what they (Jews and Christians) have, a party from the people of the Book (refers to Jews and Christians and, by implication, any religious group that claims to have a holy book or guidance from God) threw their Book of God (the Torah) behind their backs as if they knew nothing (of the coming of the Prophet Mohammad and the Qur’an).

They follow what Shaitan (Devil) fabricated against the kingdom of Solomon. Solomon never disbelieved, while Shaitan was the one who disbelieved and taught people enchantments (witchcraft and sorcery). It was not taught by the two Angels (or persons of angelic or kingly qualities), Harut and Marut, in Babel who always cautioned that this teaching was a trial for them (the people who it was given to) and urged them not to disbelieve (by taking on magic, superstitions, or supernatural happenings). But they (some people) learned from them (Harut and Marut) only that with which they could make discord between a man and his wife. But they cannot harm anyone without God’s permission. They (intend to) secure knowledge that only harms others and does not profit them. They know well that whoever buys these (e.g., witchcraft, sorcery, etc.) will be deprived of any good in the Hereafter. Evil is the exchange they make for their souls, if they understood (the consequences!). (On the other hand), if they had believed and carried out their (human) responsibilities, then their reward from God would have been better. Again, only if they understood (the reality)!

You who have faith, do not say (to the Prophet), “Rai’na (listen to us),” but instead say, “Unzur-naa (have patience with us),” and pay careful attention. Painful punishment is for disbelievers. Disbelievers, be they people of the Book or polytheists, do not like to see any good come to you from your Sustainer, whereas God chooses whom He likes to shower with mercy; He is the Lord of Infinite Grace!

Whatever message God overrides or causes to be forgotten (e.g., Mosaic Law for example), God brings one better than that or like it (e.g., Qur’anic Law). Don’t you realize that God has power over all things? Don’t you also realize that the heavens and the earth belong to God and that besides God you have no friend nor helper?

Do you wish to question your messengers as Moses was questioned before? Whoever prefers disbelief to faith loses his sense of direction. Many of the people of the Book wish, out of envy, that they could turn you (new Muslims) to disbelief after you believed, even though the truth has become clear to them (as well). (Believers are advised to) be thoughtful and forgiving until God resolves this affair (difference in faith and perspective) and (realize) that God is ever Powerful over all things.

Maintain your prayers and give Zakat (obligatory charity of 2.5% of your assets). Whatever good you deposit for yourself, you will find it with God. God observes what you do.

They say, “Nobody will go to Heaven except the Jews or Christians.” These are their self-serving desires. Ask them, “Bring your proof if you are truthful.” (On the contrary), whoever submits to God wholeheartedly and is good (to others), he will have his reward from his Lord; for him there is no fear or grief.

The Jews say, “The Christians have no basis for their faith,” and the Christians say, “The Jews have no basis for their faith,” while they both read the (same divine) Book. Even those who have no knowledge say similar things. (Let them all know that) God will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection on what they (so vehemently) differ.
And who (do you think) is more unjust than he who obstructs (people) from the houses of God (to worship) and from remembering His name in these places and who actively wants to destroy places of worship, whereas it is not even proper for them to enter these places except in humility. They deserve disgrace in this world and severe punishment in the Hereafter. The East and the West belong to God, so whichever way you turn you will face God. Know that God is Generous and Knowing.

They say, “God has taken on a son.” He is above such a thing! Indeed, He owns whatever is in Heaven and on the earth, and they all obey Him, the wonderful Originator of the heavens and the earth, and when He intends a certain outcome, He says to it, “Be,” and it becomes.

Those who are ignorant ask, “Why does God not talk to us or send us a sign?” Their talk is similar to those of others before them. They think alike. God has made the message transparent to those who take it seriously. God has sent you (Prophet Mohammad) with the truth as the Messenger of good news and as a warner, and you (Mohammad) will not be questioned regarding the (actions) of those who will find themselves in Hell.

Neither Jews nor Christians will be happy with you unless you (Muslims) follow their religions. Say to them, “The guidance of God is the (true) guidance.” So if you follow their errant views after true knowledge has come to you, then you will have no friendship or help from God.

Those to whom God has given the Book and those who follow it as it should be followed, they truly believe in it. Those who disbelieve will be the ones without any real guidance at the end.”

O children of Israel, remember My (God’s) blessings to you and how I favored you over other nations. You should guard yourself against the day when no soul can assist another in the least, no compensation will be accepted, no intervention will profit you, and no help will be extended.

When his Lord tried Abraham with certain commands, and he fulfilled them, He (God) promised, “I will make you a leader of mankind.” And he replied, “How about from my offspring?” (God replied), “My promise does not include those that are unjust.”

God made the house (Ka’bah) a place of visitation for people, a sanctuary, and (commanded people) to take this place of Abraham as a place of worship. God also commanded Abraham and Ishmael, “Purify My house for those who intend to visit, bowing down in humility in front of God.” Abraham made supplication: “My Sustainer, make this city secure and provide fruits as provisions for its citizens who believe in God and the Hereafter.” He (God) replied, “(Even for its) citizens who disbelieve, I shall grant enjoyment for a short time and drive them to the punishment of Fire, an evil destination.”

As Abraham and Ishmael raised the foundation (of the Ka’bah), they supplicated to God: “Our Sustainer, accept (our effort) since You are the Hearing and Knowing One. Make us both surrender to You, bring a nation out of our offspring to be humble, and turn to us (mercifully) since You are Forgiving and Merciful. Our Sustainer, raise a messenger who will explain Your messages to the people, teach them the Book and wisdom, and help purify them, since You are the Mighty and Wise.”

Who abandons the way of life of Abraham except one who lacks understanding? (Such a person should see that) God made Abraham pure (and chosen) in this world, and in the Hereafter, he will be with the righteous. When his Sustainer told him, “Submit to Me,” he said, “I submit myself to the Sustainer of the Universe!”

Abraham advised his children in the same way as did Jacob: “My sons (children), God has definitely chosen this way of life for you; therefore, do not die except in a state of submission.” If you had witnessed when Jacob was nearing death, he said to his sons (children), “Whom will you serve after my death?” They replied, “We shall serve your Lord and the Lord of your fathers—Abraham, Ishmael, and Isaac—the One and Only God, and we do submit to Him.”

These people have passed away! Their reward will come from what they did, and your reward will come from what you do, and you will not be asked as to what they did.

(When) they say, “Be a Jew or a Christian, and you will be on the right guidance,” say, “Why not (be on) the path of Abraham, who was always inclined to righteousness and did not ascribe divinity to anyone?” Say, “We believe in (1) God, (2) what has been revealed to us, (3) what has been revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the tribes (their descendants), (4) what was given to Moses and Jesus, (5) and what was given to (all) prophets by their Sustainer, (6) we make no comparison among the prophets, and (7) we surrender to Him (God) with sincere submission (as true Muslims).”

Hence if they believe as you (Mohammad) believe, only then are they on the right guidance; and if they refuse, then they are in opposition (to what you believe), and God will protect you against them. He is ever Hearing and Knowing. (Let’s take) on God’s color (essence), and who is better than God to give us His essence, and we are His worshippers.”

Tell them, “Do you dispute with us about God while He is our Sustainer, and He is your Sustainer as well? We are responsible for our actions and you are responsible for your actions. We are sincere to Him (but are you?).” Or do you mean to say that Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the tribes were Jews or Christians? Do you know better than God? Who is more irresponsible than he who hides a testimony that came from God? God is not indifferent to what you do.

These people have passed away! Their reward will come from what they did, and your reward will come from what you do, and you will not be asked as to what they did.

The disbelievers (or those weak in faith) among the people will say, “What has made them (Muslims) change their kiblah (direction of prayer) from what they had before?” Inform them, “The East and the West belong to God alone, and He guides to the right guidance whom He pleases.”

Thus, We (God) have distinguished you as a balanced community so that you may be a role model (witness) for the people just as the Prophet is a role model for you. And We did not make the kiblah that you longed for (right away) so that We might differentiate he who follows the Prophet from he who moves away from the Prophet. It was a difficult test (to make the change), except for those who are guided by God. (Rest assured) that God was not going to make your faith a failure. God is ever Compassionate and Merciful to mankind.

We (God) have seen you turn your face to Heaven (for guidance), so We will make you the master of the kiblah you desire. Then turn your face toward the Sacred Mosque (Ka’bah) and do so (pray) wherever you all may be. Those who were given the Book know that this is the truth from their Lord, and God is not indifferent to what they do.
Even if you were to bring all signs to those who have been given Books before, they would not turn to your kiblah, neither can you be a follower of their kiblah, nor do they follow each other’s kiblah. If you should follow their desires after knowledge has been attained by you, then you would become ignorant (like them).

They, who were given the Book, recognize him (Prophet Mohammad) as clearly as they recognize their (own) children. But a party of them hides the truth knowingly. (But you should know that) the truth is from your Lord, and, (hence), do not place any doubt in it!

For everyone there is a goal to which he turns; so compete in doing good deeds with each other, and wherever you happen to be, God will bring all together, as God has power over all things. From whatever place you come from, turn your face to the Sacred Mosque and know that this truth comes from your Sustainer, as He is not the least bit negligent about what you do.

Whatever places you come from, turn your face to the Sacred Mosque, and wherever you are, turn your faces toward it. (This will ensure that) people will have no issues with you, except those who are unjust. Therefore, do not fear them, but stand in awe of Me (God) (and follow) so that I may complete My blessings and (help you) follow the right path.

As We (God) have sent a messenger from among you (the community in Mecca) who recites to you God’s messages, who purifies your (soul and body), and who teaches you the Book, wisdom, and knowledge which you did not have (before).

Therefore, remember God and God will remember you (make you prominent). Give thanks to God and do not deny God (do not be a disbeliever).

O believers! Seek (God’s) assistance with patience and constant devotion and (know that) God is with those who are patient.

Do not consider those who die in God’s service as dead. No, they are alive, but you cannot perceive. God will try (each of) you with the likes of fear, hunger, and loss of property, lives, and harvest.74 But good news is for the patient ones who, in the face of adversity, respond by saying, “We belong to God, and to Him we will return.” On these people God showers His blessings and mercy. They are on the right path.

The Safa and Marwah (the two mountains in the compound of the Ka’bah) are among the symbols of God, and for whoever makes the pilgrimage (Hajj) or pays a visit (Umrah) to the House of God, there is no blame if he goes back and forth between the two. (For) whoever performs good (things) beyond what is required, then God is ever Responsive to gratitude, and He is All-Knowing.

Those who suppress and hide the truth and guidance that We (God) have revealed and explained to mankind using the divine revelations, they will be rejected by God and by those who are capable of sound judgment. But those who repent, correct themselves, and accept the truth, to them I (God) will turn in forgiveness, since I am the Acceptor of Repentance and I am the God of Mercy.

Those who are bent on denying the truth and die as deniers of truth, they are the ones who will be rejected by God, by the angels, and by all people. They will stay in that state of rejection; their suffering will neither be lightened nor stopped. (Remember), your God is One God; there is no body other than Him worthy of worship, He is most Gracious and full of Mercy!

The creation of Heaven and the earth, the constant successions of the night and the day, the ships that travel by sea benefiting mankind, the rain that God sends down from the sky, giving life to things on Earth after their death (disappearance), the spreading of all creatures (and vegetation), the (constant) changing of the wind, and the clouds following directed paths between the sky and the earth—these are signs for people who reflect, reason, and understand!

Yet there are people who take objects (or people) other than God for worship and they love them as they should love God. But those who truly believe have stronger love for God. Had the wrongdoers seen the retributions, they would have realized that power belongs to God in its entirety and that He is capable of serious retribution (for what evil they do). When those who were worshipped will renounce their worshippers and face the retribution, their (mutual) relationship will end and those who worshipped will say, “If we could but return, then we would renounce them as they had done.” This is how God will show them how their own actions will become a source of overwhelming remorse, and they will not escape the Fire.

Eat what is lawful (morally, ethically, and physically) and all that is good on this earth and do not follow the footsteps of the Devil—he is an avowed adversary to you (mankind).

He (Devil) encourages you to commit evil and indecent actions and speak about God without (proper) knowledge. (For example), when they (followers of the Devil) are asked, “Follow what God has revealed,” they say, “No, we follow only that which we found our forefathers believing in and doing.” (God’s reply) is “Are you following them even if your forefathers had neither proper reasoning nor followed proper guidance?”

The parable of those who continue to deny the truth is like the call of the shepherd to the beasts, who hear nothing but a call or a cry. These people are deaf, dumb, and blind, lacking all senses and not thinking or reasoning.

People of Faith! Eat the good things that We (God) have provided for you, and give thanks to God if He is the one you truly serve. He has forbidden (haram) for you only animals that died of itself, blood, the flesh of swine, and those which were (slaughtered) with names other than God’s. But if one takes out of necessity and without willful neglect or without desire, then there is no sin on such individuals. God is Forgiving and Merciful (to humans).

Those who suppress (or alter) any revelations in the Books that God has revealed and exchange (falsify) for a small price, they are as if feeding fire into their stomachs. God will not speak to them on the Day of Resurrection, nor will He purify (forgive) them. They will have grievous punishment. They trade in error instead of guidance and seek punishment instead of forgiveness. They seem to fear little the Fire that awaits them! Such a consequence is expected because God reveals the truth in the Book while those who disagree (without reason) move too far in opposition.

Righteousness is not that you turn your face East or West, but the (truly) righteous are those who (1) believe in God, the Last Day, the angels, the Book (of Revelation), and the prophets, (2) give away wealth for the love of God to relatives, orphans, the needy, travelers, and those who seek help, (3) free people out of bondage (e.g., slavery, debt, imprisonment without cause, etc.), (4) maintain prayer, (5) pay Zakat (obligatory charity), (6) keep promises when they make promises, and (7) act with patience in times of distress, affliction, and conflict. These are the ones who are truthful and responsible.

Oh believers, just retribution is prescribed on you regarding the matter of killing—free for the free, slave for the slave, and female for the female (no substitution or excess). But if lesser punishment is acceptable to the heirs (grieving heirs in case of involuntary acts), the retribution can be reduced according to prevailing norms (agreed to by the community and put into practice) and executed in a good, honest manner.

This is an acceptable alleviation from your Lord and a (sign of His) mercy. Whoever then exceeds the limits after this will face serious consequences. The rule of just retribution is to sustain life and help you guard yourself. Try to be responsible if you understand (the seriousness of the matter)!

It is mandated for you that at the time of approaching death, if you are going to leave behind (significant) wealth for parents and relatives, you should then make a bequest in a righteous manner—it is obligatory to the person who is consciously mindful and responsible. If anyone changes it after hearing it (or changes a written document), then the sin is to the person who makes such a change, and God is full of Hearing and Knowing. But if one senses an incorrect or sinful action on the part of the testator and tries to facilitate an agreement between the parties, then there is no blame on the person (rather it is commendable), and God is always Forgiving and Merciful.

For People of Faith (Mo’men), fasting has been mandated as it was mandated for previous generations for a certain number of days so that one may become responsible (through sustained God consciousness). But whoever is sick or is on a journey should make up that number of days later. Also, those who find it extremely difficult (to fast) can compensate by feeding a person in need (instead). Whoever does good work with deliberation, it is better, and you should know that fasting is good for you.

Ramadan is the month in which the Qur’an was revealed as guidance for mankind and as proof of the guidance (itself) as well as a means of differentiation (between good and evil and right and wrong). Therefore, whoever is present in (or witnesses) this month shall fast (during the month). (Again), if one is sick or is on a journey, one should fast an equal number of days (later). God wishes ease for you and not hardship. You should complete the number (of days of fasting) and glorify His Greatness for guiding you and as a means to thank Him.

When my servants ask about me (God), (Oh, Prophet) inform them that I am (always) near! I (always) respond to the call (or supplication) of those who call on Me. (So it is important) that they should hear My call and believe in Me so that they may be rightly guided.

It is acceptable for you (Muslims) to have sexual intimacy with your spouse during the night of the fasting. You are like garments for each other. God knows that you had acted unfairly among yourselves, so He turned to you in mercy and removed the hardship, making it acceptable to have intimate contact with your spouse (during the night) and (continue) to seek what God has commanded of you. Eat and drink till the whiteness of the day becomes visible from the darkness of the night at dawn, and then complete the fast until nightfall and do not be in contact (sexually) with your spouse if you keep to the Mosque (during the last ten days of Ramadan). These are the guidelines of God, which you should not violate. In this way God makes His message clear to mankind so that they can become responsible.

Do not grab the property of others by wrongful means nor seek access to judges so that you can gain (title to) the property of others wrongfully while you know (that it is wrong)!

They ask you about the new moon. Reply, “These are times appointed for (use by) mankind, including the time for Hajj.” It is of no righteousness that you enter the house through the back (door), but it is righteous that you develop a sense of proper responsibility and enter the house through their (normal) doors. (Therefore), be mindful of your responsibilities to God that you may be successful.

Fight (if need be) in the pursuit of God’s guidance against those who initiate fighting against you, but don’t be the aggressor—God does not love the aggressors. And fight them wherever you find them and drive them out from where they drove you out, for persecution is worse than slaughter. Also, do not fight them in the precinct of the Sacred Mosque unless they fight you there. But if they fight you (in it), then fight them back. This is the fitting reply to the disbelievers.

But if they stop, then (know that) God is Forgiving and Merciful (i.e., you ought to behave similarly). And continue fighting until there is no more oppression and God’s worship is allowed to flourish without hindrance. If they stop, there should be no more hostility, except (punishment) of the oppressors.

Fight during the sacred months if you are attacked, for the violation of sanctity is bound by the same law of just retribution. Whoever acts aggressively against you, you can retaliate only to the extent they have done harm to you, and be mindful of your responsibilities to God (and mankind), and God supports those who are mindful of their duties (and are God conscious).

Expend in the service of God, and do not make your hand (by not giving) move you toward destruction. Persevere in doing (and being) good to others, and God loves the doers of good.

Perform the pilgrimage (Hajj) and the visitation (Umrah) for the sake of God, but if you are prevented, then use whatever offering is easy to obtain and do not shave your head until the offering reaches its destination (completion). Now, if one of you is sick or has an ailment of the head, then fasting, alms, or sacrifice will be acceptable (as a substitute). And when (if) you are secure, then combine the visitation (Umrah) with the pilgrimage (Hajj) and take whatever offering is easy to secure. But whoever cannot afford, he should fast for three days during the pilgrimage and for seven days upon his return—these ten days will complete (the offering). This exception is for those whose families do not reside in (the vicinity of) the Sacred Mosque (Ka’bah). Keep your duty to God, and be cognizant that God is capable of punishing severely (those who ignore his guidance).

The months of pilgrimage are well known. Then, whoever intends to perform Hajj in those months should refrain from (1) indecent speech, (2) abusing others, and (3) fighting (verbally or physically); God knows whenever you do any good. Take provision for yourselves while knowing that the best provision is your sense of responsibility (to God and to your fellow men). Therefore, be mindful of your duty to Me (God), O people with understanding.

It is not inappropriate to seek provision (e.g., profit from trade during Hajj) from the bounty of your Lord. When you move on from Arafat, remember God (much) near the Holy Monument (Muzdalafah, the valley between Arafat and the Ka’bah) and appreciate His guidance to you because, before, you were steeped in error.

Then join the people (in the plain of Arafat) and ask for God’s forgiveness, since God is Forgiving, Merciful. When you have completed your rituals, remember God as you remember your forefathers, rather with a better remembrance (only befitting to God).

There are people who say, “O Our Sustainer, give us (everything) in this world.” For them, there will be no portion in the Hereafter. But then there are others who say, “O Our Sustainer, grant us good in this world and grant us good (equally) in the Hereafter, and save us from the punishment of the Hellfire.” These are they who will have their portions in accordance with what they have worked for, as God is prompt in taking account (of what you do or deserve).

Remember God during the appointed days (three days in the valley of Mina, near Mecca where Muslims congregate during the Pilgrimage, after the day of sacrifice). Then, whoever leaves in two days, he is not negligent, and whoever stays back, he has no blame, as long as you are mindful of your responsibilities. Keep your duty to God and think about the fact that you will be gathered to God together.

There are people who please you with their eloquence about this world and swear by God as to their intent, yet they are (your) worst adversaries. They, when they get authority, make effort to cause mischief on the land and destroy man’s labor and their future. God does not love mischief!

When these people are advised, “Be careful of your duty to God,” their pride pushes them to sin. (For such people), Hell is sufficient, and it is an evil place to be in.

And there are people who willingly offer themselves to please (serve) God; God is compassionate to (such) servants. O people of Faith, surrender yourselves wholly to God and do not follow the Devil’s footsteps—he is a determined enemy (of mankind).101 If you fail after clear guidance has reached you, then (you are responsible for your actions and) you should know that God is ever Mighty (Independent) and Wise.

Those who ignore God’s message—are they waiting for God to reveal Himself to them in the shadow of the clouds with angels, though by then all matters (disputes) would have been settled? (Be reminded that) all matters return to God (for final arbitration).

Ask the children of Israel how many clear messages God had given them. Whoever fails to appreciate the favor of God after it is given to them, then God is serious in taking accountability. The life of this world is made attractive to those who lack faith, and they make fun of those who believe. But those who are responsibly faithful will be ahead on the Day of Resurrection. God rewards whomever He pleases beyond measure.

Mankind is (created) as a single nation! God sent prophets as messengers and warners and revealed Books with truth for people to judge on matters in which they differed. Yet, people who were given the revelations (earlier) are the very people who disagreed, out of envy, when clear messages (and arguments from the Qur’an) came to them. Truly, God guides by His will those who believe in the truth, refraining from the difference (unnecessarily). God guides whom He pleases to the Right Path.

Do you think you will have entry to Heaven while you have not faced (in the way of trial) something similar to what was faced by those who were before you? Difficulties and distresses descended on them to such an extent that they were terrified, and the prophets with their companions cried out, “When will God’s help come?” But surely God’s help is ever close at hand.

They ask you (Prophet Mohammad) as to what they should spend. (Say), “Good spending begins with parents, relatives, orphans, the needy, and (stranded) travelers.” Whatever good you do, God has full knowledge of it.

Fighting (for a just cause) is a must even if you dislike it. Perhaps you dislike a certain thing that is good for you while you may like something that is bad for you. God knows while you do not know (the real essence).

They ask you regarding fighting during the sacred month. Say, “Fighting during the month is a serious (offense), but restricting people from serving God, denying Him and the sacred mosque (its sanctity), and forcing people out of its premises are greater offenses.” (Persistent) persecution is worse than killing. They will not stop fighting you until they, if they can, turn you away from your way of life. (In that event), whoever of you turns away from his way of life (Islam) and then dies in that state of denial, these are the people whose work in this life and in the Hereafter will be worth nothing, and they will have company in the Hellfire where they will stay.

Those who believed left their homes (to maintain their faith and freedom) and struggled hard in following God’s way—they can hope for God’s mercy, and God is ever Forgiving, Merciful.

They (people) ask you (Prophet Mohammad) about intoxicants and games of chance (e.g., gambling). Say, “In both of them is great evil and some benefit for mankind, but their harm is far greater than their benefit.” They (further) ask you about what they should spend. Say, “Spend according to your ability.” Thus, God makes the messages clear for you so that you may reflect on this worldly life and the life in the Hereafter. They (also) ask you about the orphans. Say, “To help them with their (affairs) is good, and when you mix with them, treat them as your (own) sibling (brother or sister).” God knows who makes mischief (with orphans’ affairs) and who makes things right (for them). God could have made matters difficult for you if He had intended (so do not take advantage of them). Surely, God is Mighty and Wise!

Do not marry polytheist females until they believe (in God)—a believing maid is better than a polytheist (female) even though she (polytheist) may please you. (Similarly), do not marry polytheist males until they believe, and a believing servant is better than a polytheist male, even though he may please you. These (polytheists) draw you toward Hellfire while God invites you toward Heaven and forgiveness by His will. (In this way) He makes clear His messages to mankind so that they may become mindful!

They ask you about menstruation. Say, “It is harmful” (to a slight degree for sexual contact). Therefore, have no sexual contact until the period is over. Once the period is over, have sexual contact according to God’s guidance. God loves those who follow God’s guidance and those who keep themselves clean.

Your wives are sources for reproduction (tilth), and you may engage (in sexual intercourse) whenever based on (mutual consent) and seek (goodness) before (such engagement) for yourselves. Keep your duty to God and know that (each one of) you will meet Him and that there will be good news for the believers.

Do not swear by God to stop from doing good - discharging your responsibilities and making peace between people. God is Ever Hearing, Knowing.

God will not hold you responsible for what is trivial in your oath, but He will take account for what your heart earned (i.e., what you meant seriously), and God is Forgiving and Forbearing.

Those who swear that they will not engage in sex with their wives should wait four months; then if they go back (to a normal relationship), God is Forgiving, Merciful. But if they agree on a divorce, God is (also) Hearing, Knowing.

But if they agree to divorce, then God is Hearing, All-Knowing. The divorced women should wait three (menstrual) cycles (before remarrying). It is not appropriate for them to hide what God has created in their womb if they believe in God and the Last Day. If they wish reconciliation, then the husband has a better right to take them back during the waiting period (other than anyone else). And in a similar manner, women have similar rights and privileges as given to their husbands, though man has higher obligations (in terms of responsibility and accountability with respect to family maintenance and finances, see 4:34). God is Mighty and Wise.

A divorce pronouncement may be (revoked) twice,116 then (you may) either stay married with fairness and goodness to each other or dissolve (the marriage) based on fair treatment and goodness to each other. It is not proper for you (husband) to take back what has been given to her (or promised) unless you both fear that you cannot continue to fulfill the responsibilities (of marriage) as prescribed by God. (Similarly), she can give up her rights (if she so desires) to be free (from the marriage covenant) if you both fear that you cannot continue to fulfill the responsibilities (of marriage) as prescribed by God. These are God’s recommended modes of behavior (limits), and one should not violate them. Whoever violates these limits set by God are the wrongdoers.

If he finally divorces her, she will not be lawful to him afterward until she marries another husband. If he (second husband) divorces her, there is no blame for them to remarry, if they are able (and willing) to conform to the limits (of marriage) prescribed by God. This is the guidance of God that He makes clear for people who wish to know.

If you divorce your wife and she is about to reach the end of the prescribed (waiting) period, then either continue the marriage in the spirit of goodness or allow her to leave with goodness. Do not force her to stay in marriage against her will to harm her—whoever behaves this way only harms his own soul. Do not take God’s message as a trivial matter. Reflect on His favor to you and His guidance to you though the revelations and wisdom (in the revelations). (Therefore), remain conscious of God, keep your duty to God, and realize that God is aware of all things (that you do).

When you divorce your wife and she comes to the end of the terms, then do not prevent her from marrying another man if she does so with mutual agreement and in a lawful manner. In this way God admonishes those who believe in God and the Last Day. (This) is more beneficial and closer to purity (of life). And God knows (all affairs) while you do not know.

Mothers (divorced women) may suckle their child for two years, if mutually agreed to complete the time of suckling, and the maintenance and clothing for them (mother and the child) will be borne by the father according to (fair) standard. No soul shall be burdened beyond his capacity, neither a mother be made to suffer on account of her child nor a father on account of his child, and a similar duty falls on the (father’s) heir. But if both parties agree on weaning (earlier) and wish to engage a wet nurse (or other means), there is no blame as long as payments are made for such an arrangement (by the responsible party). Remain God conscious, keep your duty to God, and be aware that God sees what you do.

Those of you (males) who die and leave your wives behind, your wives should wait for four months and ten days (to remarry). Once they reach (the end of) their term, you have no hand (they are free) in what they do in a lawful manner (e.g., remarry). God knows what you do.

It is also not improper for someone to ask indirectly (hint for marriage) of such widows or to keep the proposal concealed, but God knows that you have such thoughts about them in your mind. Do not give them a promise in secret, but propose to them in a proper manner. Also, do not execute the marriage until the expiration of the waiting period. And God knows what you have in your mind (your true intent), and, therefore, be conscious of him and also know that God is ever Forgiving, Forbearing.

It is not improper to divorce your wife (or your husband) if you have not touched (each other sexually) and no portion (dowry) has been agreed to. (Still), provide for her (your wife) according to your means, wealthy or strained, and it is a duty (to provide) on those who claim to be good (people). Now, if you divorce her (your wife) before you have touched her (engaged in sex), but you have appointed a portion (dowry), then pay half of what has been agreed to unless she forgoes or he forgoes who holds the marriage bond (giver of dowry). And it is closer to act with grace (being dutiful) if you forgo (what is due to you). Indeed, God sees what you do.

Be ever mindful of your prayers. Pray in moderation and offer (prayer) with true humility and sincerity.

If you are in danger, then (offer your prayer) on foot or horseback (i.e., where it is safe). Once you are secure, then remember God, since He has taught you what you did not know.

Those who die and leave their wives behind should make a bequest for their wives to (ensure) their maintenance for a year (as a minimum) without turning (them) out. If after that (or even before that, but after the waiting period), there is no blame on their wives for what they (choose to) do for themselves in a lawful manner. God is Mighty, Wise!

For the divorced women, appropriate provision is due. This is an obligation for those who are mindful of their responsibility (to God and to their fellow men). This is how God makes His messages clear to you so that you may understand (and learn to reason).

Have you reflected on those, thousands of them, who went out of their homes for fear of death? Then God said to them, “Die (be in despair),” and then He gave them life. Surely God is Gracious to people, but most of them are ungrateful!

And struggle (fight against injustice and ignorance) in the way of God and beware that God is Hearing, Knowing!

Who will give God a good gift that He will multiply back to him many times? God receives and increases. To Him you (all) return.

Have you not reflected on the (quality) of the leaders of the children of Israel after Moses? When they said to one of their prophets, “Bring us a king so that we may fight in the cause of God,” he (Samuel) said, “Perhaps you will not fight when fighting will be required of you.” They said, “What reason is there for us not to fight when we have been deprived of our homes and our children?” (1 Sam. 8:19–20). But when the order to fight (finally) came, they did not participate, except a few of them. And God knows (well) the evildoers.

Their prophet said to them, “God has raised Talut (Saul) to be your king.” They protested, “How can he have a kingdom when we feel we have a better right to a kingdom than he because he does not have an abundance of wealth?” He (prophet) said, “God has exalted him above you by giving him abundance in knowledge and physical strength.” God grants His kingdom to whom He pleases. He is all Embracing, All-Knowing.

Their prophet said, “The sign of his (Saul’s) kingdom is that there will come to you the heart (Tabut) that will have tranquility (Sakinah) from your Lord and the enduring (Baquiah) heritage of Moses and Harun (Aaron), being borne by angels. In these there are signs should you intend to believe.”

When Saul set with his forces, he said, “God will try you with a river. Whoever drinks from it, he is not of my party, but whoever does not taste it or only scoops up a single handful belongs to me.” However, most drank from the river, except a few. So when he crossed it along with those who believed, the others said, “Today we have no power against Jalut (Goliath) and his forces.” But those who were sure of their eventual meeting with God said, “How often a small party defeated a larger force by God’s will.” God is (always) with those who are patient (in adversity).

When they went out against Jalut (Goliath) and his forces, they prayed, “O Our Sustainer, pour upon us patience and make our feet (stance against the enemy) firm and help us against the denier of truth.”

So they fought (bravely) and put the enemy to flight by God’s permission. David killed Goliath. God granted David kingdom and wisdom and knowledge of things as He pleased. Was it not for God’s enabling people to defend themselves against others, the Earth would have been full of corruption and chaos; thus, God shows His limitless Grace to the universe? These are the messages from God. We convey these to you in truth, and truly you (Mohammad) are one of the Messengers.

We (God) have made some of these prophets to excel others (just like people). Among them are those to whom God spoke (e.g., Moses) and others whom He raised in eminence (e.g., Prophet Abraham and Prophet Mohammad). We (God) gave clear arguments and thoughts to Jesus, Son of Mary, and strengthened him with holy inspiration. Had God pleased, the followers of these prophets would not have fought one another after the case had been made to see and believe in the truth, but they chose to disagree—some believed while others refused to accept (the guidance). They would not have contended with one another if God had willed, but God does what He intends (by allowing people the freedom to make their choices).

Those who have attained faith should dedicate the resources (e.g., health, wealth, knowledge, and technology) that We have given you (for good cause) before the day comes (e.g., death, the Day of Judgment, and the reversal of conducive circumstances) when (you will lose the power) of bargaining, friendship, and intervention. The deniers (of truth, if you choose to be one) are truly the ones that do (serious) wrong (to themselves and to others).

Allah —there is no one worthy of worship but He, the ever Living, the Self-Subsisting (by Whom everyone subsists). Drowsiness or sleep does not overtake Him. He owns whatever is in the heavens and in the earth. Who is there to plead to Him for someone except with His permission? He knows their past and their future. They acquire none of His knowledge except what He allows. His dominion extends all over the heavens and the earth, and He does not get tired of preserving them. He alone is truly Exalted, Magnificent!

There shall be no coercion in matters of practicing your way of life (religion) —the right way has indeed been made distinct from the wrong way. Therefore, whoever rejects the Devil (evil faith and practices) and puts his faith in God (truth, knowledge, and good work) has taken a firm grip on a covenant, which will not break. God is full of Hearing, Knowing.

God is the friend of those who believe—He pulls them out of darkness into light. But those who disbelieve, their friends are the devils that pull them out of light into darkness. They are the companions in Hellfire, where they will stay.

Why not reflect on (the behavior of) the person who argued with Abraham regarding God since God gave him the kingdom. When Abraham said, “My Sustainer gives life and causes death,” this person replied, “I (also) cause life and death.” Abraham then said, “Surely God makes the sun rise from the East, so could you make it rise from the West,” and then the other person was confounded in his denial of God. And God does not guide people who do wrong deliberately.

Or, (think) of the person who was passing by a town whose houses had fallen in on their roofs (possibly due to an earthquake or neglect) and said, “How could God bring them all back to life after their death?” So God caused him to die for a hundred years and then raised him back to life and asked, “How long have you remained in that condition?” He said, “A day or part of a day!” God said, “No, you had passed a hundred years; yet, look at your food and drink—they do not show the sign of years passing by, and look at your donkey! We have made him a sign for men (to understand). You should look at the bones (e.g., human skeletons) and see how We arrange them together and then cover them with flesh.” Then it became clear to him, and he said, “Now I know that God has power over all things.”

(Remember) when Abraham said, “O My Sustainer! Show me how you give life to the dead,” God asked, “Do you not believe?”He (Abraham) replied, “Yes, I do, but this is to put my heart at ease.” God then instructed, “Take four birds and tame them to respond to you. Then put pieces of them in every mountain and afterward call them—they will come flying to you.” You should know that God is Mighty, Wise!

Those who spend their wealth for the purpose assigned by God, their likeness is that of a grain germinating into seven sheaths, and in each sheath there are a hundred grains. Thus, God multiplies for whom He wills. He is the abundantly Giving, Knowing. Those who spend their wealth for the purpose defined by God and do not make their spending a cause for insult or injury (to the receiving party), their reward is with God, and there will be no fear or grief for them. A kind word with forgiveness is better than charity followed by injury. God is Self-Sufficient, Forbearing.

O Believers! do not make your charity worthless by insult and injury in the manner of those who spend their wealth to be seen by people, and they do not believe in God and the Last Day. Such charity is like the soil on a smooth rock that a heavy rainfall washes away (without producing anything). They do not benefit from what they spend, and God does not guide people who refuse to acknowledge the truth. (On the other hand), those who spend their wealth seeking God’s grace and strengthening their souls are like a garden on an elevated ground so that when rain falls on it, it brings forth double produce; if heavy rain is not there, even light rain is sufficient for growth. God sees all of what you do.

Do any of you like this scenario: You have a garden of fruit with a water stream flowing through and with all kinds of fruit around. Then you reach old age, your offspring are still young and weak, and suddenly a storm hits the garden and reduces everything to ashes. This way God makes the message clear so that you may reflect (take action in time).

O people of faith, spend the good part of what you earn and what We (God) bring out for you (e.g., harvest and natural resources) from the earth. Do not try to spend lesser quality items for others while you would not take it without dislike. Know that God is Self-Sufficient, Praiseworthy.

It is the Devil that puts in you the fear of poverty and connives to make you niggardly while God promises forgiveness from Himself and abundance. God is indeed Ample-Giving, Knowing! He grants wisdom to whomever He wishes, and whoever receives this wisdom indeed receives ample goodness. Nobody can appreciate (such wisdom) except for those who seriously and sincerely try to understand.

Whatever charity you give or whatever oath (vow) you take, God surely knows about it. The wrongdoers will have no helpers (in the long run). If you show your charity (without arrogance or evil intent), then how excellent it is! If you hide it and give it to the poor, it is good for you. Charity does wash away some of your evil deeds. God is aware of what you do.

It is not your (i.e., Prophet’s) responsibility to guide people, but God guides whom He pleases (according to their efforts and desires). Whatever good things you spend (for others) are for your own good, and you should spend only to seek God’s grace (not for other motives). (God promises that) whatever good things you spend, it will be paid back to you in full, and no wrong will be done to you (as a result of your spending in charity).

Charity is for those who are confined to the way of God and who are unable to move freely in the land (to seek livelihood); insensitive people think of them to be above need since they do not beg. But you can recognize them by their dignity; they do not go about begging openly. (Therefore, if you recognize them), and whatever you spend of good things (for them), God knows for sure.

Those who spend their resources (physical, material, and intellectual) day and night, openly and privately, will have their reward with God—they will have no reason to fear or grieve.

Those who take usury (Riba) are like those whom the Devil had confounded by his touch. They say, “Trading (buying and selling) is like usury,” whereas God has allowed trading and forbidden usury. (Therefore), whosoever receives this admonition from his Sustainer, and he refrains, he can keep what has already passed, and his affairs are with God, and whoever continues with usury (after the admonition), they are the companions in fire—they will reside in Hell. God withholds His blessings on usury, whereas He causes charity to flourish. God does not love any ungrateful sinners.

Those who believe do good deeds, keep their prayers, and pay Zakat, their reward is with the Sustainer; they will have no fear or regret.

O people of faith, mind your responsibility to God and give up what remains of usury, if you truly believe. But if you do not give up, then be ready for a war from God and His Messenger. But if you repent, then you can have your capital. Do not do any wrong, then you shall not be wronged. If the (debtor) is in difficulty, there should be postponement until (he is) in ease. But if you were to give it up as alms, that is even better, only if you knew!

Be conscious of the day when you will return to God. Then every soul will be paid back in full what it has earned and none will be treated unfairly.

O people of faith, when you agree to a debt (or commercial transaction) for a fixed term, put it in writing and let a writer write it down with fairness on behalf of both. Anyone who knows how to write should not refuse to write. And the debtor should dictate what should be written, and he should observe his duty to God and not reduce anything from it. But if the debtor is unsound in understanding or weak or not able to dictate, then his guardian should dictate with fairness. Also, call to witness from your men two witnesses; but if two men are not available (as witnesses), then one man and two women from among those whom you may want to choose as witnesses so that if one of them errs or forgets, the one will remind the other.”

The witnesses must not refuse when they are called up (either to witness or to testify later on). Do not neglect to document it in writing whether a small or large transaction, including the time when (such debt) is due. This is more equitable in God’s eyes and ensures testimony to be confirmed and keeps you from doubts. But if it is ready merchandise that you exchange by hand to hand, it is not necessary that you write it down.

(But in general), have witnesses when you sell one to another. Let there be no harm done to the writer or to the witnesses. But if you do such harm, then it is a sign of transgression on your part. (But you are to) keep your duty to God, and God teaches you (on how to keep your duty and what these duties are). God (truly) knows all things.

If you are on a journey and you cannot find a scribe, then a security may be taken in possession. Since these types of transactions are also based on trust, the one who is trusted with (security, debt, promise, etc.) should deliver his trust and keep his duty to God, his Sustainer (and to his fellow men). Do not conceal testimony; whoever conceals testimony, his heart is sinful. (Remember), God knows everything that you do.

To God belongs whatever is in Heaven and in the earth. (Moreover), whether you express what is in your mind or hide it, God will call you to account according to it (your intention). Then He may choose to forgive whom He pleases and punish whom He pleases (based on his collective deeds). God has power over all things.

The Messenger and the faithful believe in what has been revealed to the Messenger. They all believe in God, His angels, His Books, and His Messengers, making no distinctions among the prophets. They say, “We have heard, and we take our submission to God seriously. O our Sustainer! We seek Your forgiveness, and to You is the end of our journey!” God does not impose on any soul a burden beyond its capacity. It has the benefit of its good works and its evil works against its own soul. (Say in prayer), “O our Sustainer! Do not hold us accountable if we forget or make a mistake. Our Sustainer, do not put a burden on us similar to what was laid on those before us. Our Sustainer, spare us of a burden that we do not have the ability to bear. Forgive us, protect us, have mercy on us, You are our Guardian.” Therefore, help us against the people who actively deny faith. (Amen)!